Ford & Taylor Scientific Management-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Discuss about the Ford and Taylor Scientific Management. 2.Discuss about the Thomas Friedmans Three Eras of Globalisation. Answers: 1.Ford and Taylor set up early in the 20th century the Ford Motor Company. The Company had various labour related issues, which deterred the overall production process leading to lower profitability(Shelton, 2015). Ford became troubled with the individual workers productivity and wanted to devise methods that could enhance performance. While watching the performance procedure, there were several stages that were ascertained that could be improved. Henry Ford along with Alexander Malcomson launched Ford Motor Company in Detroit in 1903. The Company initially manufactured automobile parts. The challenge faced in the production process was in its assembling, where the body of the car had to be fixed in a stationery process, as workers had to bring individual parts adding them to the vehicle. This process not only consumed time but also was expensive, which made mass production almost impossible(The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 2007). Ford wanted to incorporate sc ientific thoughts and principles in management that can lead to reducing time and increasing effectiveness with which a worker performs his activities. His principles of management encircled several mechanical and engineering theories that can create effective management at workplace. His along with Taylors theories were focused on management principles that can led to organisations achieve their goals and objectives. Ford wanted to diagnose a way in which mass production of automobiles can be done, in a shorter time span, to make the process more profitable. He then experimented with the concept of conveyor belt, that could easily transport parts from one worker to another. This technique applied hence achieves tremendous output and performance, enhancing productivity of laborers. Laborers could not waste time and they needed to take permission from supervisor for taking any breaks(Unknown, Ford and Taylor Scientific Management (Edited), Retrieved on 24th August 2017). Formation of trade unions was not encouraged and any worker, who created any sort of trouble was immediately removed from the Company. Workers became exhausted from working at the factory, and could not strive to perform. Ford applied another method for gaining productivity for employees, as assembly lines was creating enormous profitability for the Company with mass production of automobiles, Ford decided to increase pay of worker s. Even if workers left the organisation, there was hosts of applicants ready to work at the factory every day(Sprague, 2007). This created high productivity and no-shortage of workers at the factory. Each component of the job was broken down into smaller components such that one worker was liable to perform a small task. This saved time and create large volume of vehicles. Frederick Winslow Taylor often helped Ford chalk out relevant management techniques that could help in managing and organizing with the Company(Taneja, 2011). Taylor founded several management theories for workers. 2.Thomas Friedman in his definition of globalisation, divided each segment into eras. He described three prominent eras of globalisation(McCann, 2008). Initially the concept of globalisation is categorised as 1.0 which started in the year 1492 to the beginning of 1800. In this phase, it marked the starting of global arbitrage and the concept focused on country globalizing. The country was a dynamic agent of globalisation where Spain went on to explore the world, Britain colonized several countries in the world including India and so on. This phase of globalisation helped reduce the size of the world from a large world to a smaller one. People from one country viewed possibilities that other countries offered(Healy, 2009). Hence, people aimed to share the resources and possibilities of one country with people from another state. The second phase of globalisation marked as 2.0 started in the year 1820 and continued till the early years of 2000. This phase of globalisation is characterized by companies globalizing, bringing the world closer to each other apart from the World Wars in it. In this phase there were tremendous amount of inventions that took place and various products became cheaper(Abowitz, 2007). Multiple companies expanded to other countries around the world, innovations in this phase made communication easy. There was free flow of information from one part of the world to the other. This era of globalisation have made the world a much smaller place allowing for easy connectivity. The third era of globalisation which is marked as 3.0 starting from 2000 which has carried on till now, depicts individuals globalizing. This is possibly the last phase of globalisation, which is expected to carry on in the future too. In this era individuals in their individual capabilities, core competencies globalize and compete with other individuals(Unknown, Thomas Friedman's Three Eras of Globalization, Retrieved on 24th August 2017). This phase of globalisation provides immense amounts of possibilities for participating in global competition. In this phase of global competition Africans, Asians and all others participate such that they can compete in the sphere by extending their core competencies. This stage of globalisation is marked by making the world a flat place in the 21st century. This era also marks history, geography, companies and other aspects of globalisation becoming irrelevant apart from individual capabilities. At this stage an individual becomes a free trader and criticizes society that resists to changes(Rugman, 2008). Thomas Friedman identified the ten flatteners of the global world as collapse of the Berlin Wall, Netscape, Workflow software, uploading, outsourcing, offshoring, supply-chaining and insourcing. He believes that these new concepts and theories have transformed the world as it is currently making it a much flatter structure. Reference Lists Abowitz, K. K. 2007. The fallacies of flatness: Thomas Friedman's the world is flat. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 471-481. Healy, C. 2009. Surgical tourism and the globalisation of healthcare. McCann, P. 2008. Globalization and economic geography: the world is curved, not flat. . Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 351-370. Rugman, A. . 2008. Friedman's follies: Insights on the globalization/regionalization debate. Business and Politics, 1-14. Shelton, T. Z. 2015. The actually existing smart city. . Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 13-25. Sprague, L. G. 2007. Evolution of the field of operations management. . Journal of Operations Management, 219-238. Taneja, S. P. 2011. Frederick W. Taylor's scientific management principles: Relevance and validity. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 60. The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought. 2007. Alfred Marshall's critical analysis of scientific management. The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, 219-238. Unknown. (Retrieved on 24th August 2017). Ford and Taylor Scientific Management (Edited). https://youtu.be/8PdmNbqtDdI . Unknown. (Retrieved on 24th August 2017). Thomas Friedman's Three Eras of Globalization. https://youtu.be/lp4znWHvsjU.